2016職稱英語(yǔ)備考語(yǔ)法句子成分之賓語(yǔ)：

(1) 由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞要用賓格)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、(賓語(yǔ))從句充當(dāng),表示動(dòng)作的承受者是“誰(shuí)”或者是“何物”。如：The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(那個(gè)天使同樣來(lái)到約瑟夫面前并且告訴他同樣的事情。)(代詞和名詞充當(dāng)兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)) / He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告訴我說(shuō)公司付不起他那么多的錢(qián)。)(不定式作賓語(yǔ)) / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons.(他們?nèi)绱讼矏?ài)看足球以至于常常忘記了他們的功課。)(動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)) / I think to be a children's doctor is very rewarding.(我認(rèn)為當(dāng)個(gè)兒童醫(yī)生是很值得的。)(從句作賓語(yǔ))

(2) 只有及物動(dòng)詞或介詞才有賓語(yǔ),不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ),如果涉及到事物,則必須在不及物動(dòng)詞后面加合適的介詞。Listen to the radio. (listen不是及物動(dòng)詞,故加to。) / Can you hear anything exciting?(你能聽(tīng)到什么令人興奮的消息嗎?)

(3) 賓語(yǔ)一般放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的后面,但是在疑問(wèn)句中,如果賓語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞,則賓語(yǔ)要放在句首。介詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是疑問(wèn)詞,則可以放在介詞后或句首。如：What did he see? (他看見(jiàn)了什么?) / What does he write a letter with? (他用什么寫(xiě)的信?) / With what does he write a letter? (他用什么寫(xiě)的信?)

(4)“動(dòng)詞+副詞+賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果賓語(yǔ)是代詞,則代詞必須放在“動(dòng)”“副”之間。如：Please put the shoes away. (請(qǐng)把鞋子收起來(lái)。) / Please put away the shoes. (請(qǐng)把鞋子收起來(lái)。) / Please put them away. (請(qǐng)把它們收起來(lái)。)

(5) 動(dòng)詞后面跟雙賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以采用兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：

①動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)(人)+直接賓語(yǔ)(物)。如：He often gives me some help. (他常常幫我。)

②動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+介詞+間接賓語(yǔ)。注意,一般情況介詞用to,但動(dòng)詞是make, buy, borrow時(shí),介詞用for.如：Please make me a kite. (請(qǐng)給我做個(gè)風(fēng)箏。)或Please make a kite for me.

(6) 在“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果賓語(yǔ)是不定式、動(dòng)名詞、賓語(yǔ)從句,則常用it做形式賓語(yǔ),而將實(shí)際的賓語(yǔ)移到補(bǔ)語(yǔ)后面去。如：I found the job rather difficult. (我發(fā)覺(jué)這個(gè)工作相當(dāng)難做。) / I found it rather difficult to do the job.

(7) 賓語(yǔ)可以由從句充當(dāng)。