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Part V. Writing （20%）

Directions： In 'this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the essay.

全科醫(yī)生培養(yǎng)及發(fā)展思路

隨著醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展，人們對社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的要求也越來越高。目前我國社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)發(fā)展還不平衡。高素質(zhì)的全科醫(yī)生（gencral practitioner）缺乏成為社區(qū)衛(wèi)生發(fā)展滯后的主要原因。規(guī)范全科醫(yī)生培養(yǎng)，大力發(fā)展全科醫(yī)生培訓工作勢在必行。全科醫(yī)生在社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中的功能包括治療、保健、預(yù)防、護理、健康調(diào)查、咨詢及健康教育等。雖然我國全科醫(yī)學（general family medicine）已經(jīng)得到了普及和發(fā)展，但其教育與培訓的總體水平還存在一些問題。本文就全科醫(yī)生的培養(yǎng)和今后的發(fā)展做一淺析。

全科醫(yī)生需具備的基本素質(zhì)

全科醫(yī)生需要較全面的知識。某些嚴重疾病的早期癥狀可能比較輕微，與一些常見、多發(fā)病表現(xiàn)并無太大區(qū)別。這就要求全科醫(yī)生從眾多的疾病中篩選可能的情況，因此要求全科醫(yī)生臨床學科知識面要廣。社區(qū)衛(wèi)生工作中，一名合格的全科醫(yī)生，也應(yīng)是一名出色的社會工作者。全科醫(yī)生服務(wù)的對象是社區(qū)內(nèi)的居民，而且有可能需要長期面對，因此要求全科醫(yī)生要有良好的人際關(guān)系、協(xié)調(diào)能力和高度的工作熱情，并與患者建立一種親密而長期的友情，成為病人家庭的良師益友，而且要具有良好的職業(yè)道德。

目前全科醫(yī)生存在的問題

全科醫(yī)生工作熱情不高。一方面與專業(yè)醫(yī)生相比，收入與社會地位存在差距；另一方面工作環(huán)境較艱苦，醫(yī)療設(shè)備落后，導(dǎo)致全科醫(yī)生的工作熱情和人員穩(wěn)定性不高。合格的全科醫(yī)生人員不多。由于全科醫(yī)學專業(yè)在我國發(fā)展歷史較短，很多醫(yī)學院校近年剛開設(shè)全科醫(yī)學的專業(yè)。全科醫(yī)生實際工作能力與居民的要求還有距離，同時社區(qū)工作也是在逐漸摸索、完善的過程中，因此社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的工作開展仍不太理想。

解決的方法與思考

制定全科醫(yī)學相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的政策和規(guī)劃、社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)發(fā)展策略和相關(guān)人力資源政策，特別是推動全科醫(yī)學畢業(yè)生致力于社區(qū)群眾服務(wù)的激勵機制等，促使全科醫(yī)療得到健康持續(xù)的發(fā)展。以全科醫(yī)生崗位培訓為重點，低年資的全科醫(yī)生要進行?？戚嗈D(zhuǎn)，至少3年，掌握?？茖W校的基本理論和基本技能；高年資的全科醫(yī)生可通過遠程教育，參加各省、市中心培訓機構(gòu)組織臨床技能訓，逐步提高技術(shù)水平。各省、市可以根據(jù)實際需要，增加一些社區(qū)工作急需的培訓內(nèi)容。對部分基礎(chǔ)較好的醫(yī)生進行重點培養(yǎng)，然后由這些合格的全科醫(yī)生再去培養(yǎng)更多的全科醫(yī)生，促進全科醫(yī)生的全面提高，進而提高防治社區(qū)常見疾病、解決社區(qū)健康問題的能力，達到全科醫(yī)生的崗位要求。

摘要范文：

The Approaches of Cultivating Developing General Practitioners

With the continuous development of health care，community health services are increasingly significant However，imperfect geneal practice education andlack of high-qualified gencral practitiones inevitably restrict the development of community health services.Thus，standardized training vigorous devotion to general practice education are very imperative.

When it comes to basic qualities of geneal practitioners，well-rounded knowledge comes first .Some severe discases tend to be characterized with mild symptoms，which are not different from some common disorders.Therefore，general practitioners are required to identify possible cases.Moreover，as social workers，general practitioners are bound to constantly contact people in the community，hence，enthusiasm in work as well as good communication cooperation skills are crucial.

Unfortunately many problems arise currently.Unsatisfactory income，lower social status tough working conditions lead to less devotion to the work.Besides，it has not been long since the major of general family medicine was established，general practitioners have not been equipped with adequate practical skills.

In order to enhance the sustainable development of community health care，firstly，related policies，projects incentive mechanism are indispensable.Secondly，general practice education should put emphasis on on-the-job training.On one hand，junior general practitioners are required to take rotation training for three years at least，so as to basic theories skills.On the other hand，senior general practitioners improve their skills through distance education or training programs.Some potential talents may be chosen as the very group to be trained，in the hope that they can further cultivate more qualified general practitioners.

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